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Optimisation and Exploration of Inkjet Printing in Triple Mesoscopic Perovskite Cells / ALICE ARMSTRONG

Swansea University Author: ALICE ARMSTRONG

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Abstract

Silicon is used as the key component in commercial Photovoltaic Cell fabrication today. It has enabled the production of efficient, stable devices with power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of around 25% and a serviceable lifetime of up to 25 years. [1] To achieve theseresults the Silicon has to be pu...

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Published: Swansea University, Wales, UK 2025
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Master of Research
Degree name: MSc by Research
Supervisor: Meroni, S., and Watson, T.
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69352
first_indexed 2025-04-24T13:45:56Z
last_indexed 2025-04-25T05:20:59Z
id cronfa69352
recordtype RisThesis
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spelling 2025-04-24T14:45:54.3316849 v2 69352 2025-04-24 Optimisation and Exploration of Inkjet Printing in Triple Mesoscopic Perovskite Cells ae6a684ce344f555635626aa2999f251 ALICE ARMSTRONG ALICE ARMSTRONG true false 2025-04-24 Silicon is used as the key component in commercial Photovoltaic Cell fabrication today. It has enabled the production of efficient, stable devices with power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of around 25% and a serviceable lifetime of up to 25 years. [1] To achieve theseresults the Silicon has to be pure without structural defects making them expensive to produce.Perovskite offers a potentially more flexible and easy to produce alternative that is more tolerant to imperfections and impurities. Perovskites need to be ultra-thin to enhance performance, and recent lab based PCEs approaching those of silicon have been achieved. The main drawback has been the long-term stability due to reaction of the perovskite with water making them sensitive to moisture ingress and humidity. This has been addressed bythe carbon stack printable cell geometry used in this research. This uses readily available materials – TiO2 and ZrO2 – that can be screen-printed to create the stack and has the additional advantage that they do not require expensive hole transport materials such as spiro-OMeTAD. This research builds on the carbon stack cell geometry and explores the feasibility of using inkjet printing for the deposition of the perovskite into the cell, which would assist in facilitating the upscaling of production from the manual methods used in lab research. It also explores the potential of non-hazardous precursor inks which would additionally contribute to the safety and a reduction in the cost of production.To create the cell the perovskite has to infiltrate all layers of the carbon stack which requires optimisation of the droplet deposition parameters used in the inkjet-printing method. This research used the SUSS LP50 inkjet printer to determine the optimum characteristics of ink droplet deposition, and printer runs to create the best PCE for the cells. It also varied theconcentrations and viscosity of the two inks studied –γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and γ-valerolactone (GVL) a less toxic substitute for GBL to produce results.This research shows that the inkjet deposition of the perovskite into the carbon stackgeometry can reliably produce cells with PCE of over 10%, it has also shown that the green alternative solvent GVL does not compromise the efficiency of the cell. Both of these novel approaches offer a promising way forward to commercial fabrication of large, safe, stable and efficient perovskite solar cells. E-Thesis Swansea University, Wales, UK Mesoscopic, Perovskite, Inkjet 19 3 2025 2025-03-19 A selection of content is redacted or is partially redacted from this thesis to protect sensitive and personal information. COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Meroni, S., and Watson, T. Master of Research MSc by Research 2025-04-24T14:45:54.3316849 2025-04-24T14:28:07.7956674 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering ALICE ARMSTRONG 1 69352__34102__ffc8e32724f2420da436f57983460428.pdf 2025_Armstrong_A.final.69352.pdf 2025-04-24T14:44:33.0140897 Output 11464526 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true Copyright: The Author, Alice Eleanor Bridget Armstrong, 2025 true eng
title Optimisation and Exploration of Inkjet Printing in Triple Mesoscopic Perovskite Cells
spellingShingle Optimisation and Exploration of Inkjet Printing in Triple Mesoscopic Perovskite Cells
ALICE ARMSTRONG
title_short Optimisation and Exploration of Inkjet Printing in Triple Mesoscopic Perovskite Cells
title_full Optimisation and Exploration of Inkjet Printing in Triple Mesoscopic Perovskite Cells
title_fullStr Optimisation and Exploration of Inkjet Printing in Triple Mesoscopic Perovskite Cells
title_full_unstemmed Optimisation and Exploration of Inkjet Printing in Triple Mesoscopic Perovskite Cells
title_sort Optimisation and Exploration of Inkjet Printing in Triple Mesoscopic Perovskite Cells
author_id_str_mv ae6a684ce344f555635626aa2999f251
author_id_fullname_str_mv ae6a684ce344f555635626aa2999f251_***_ALICE ARMSTRONG
author ALICE ARMSTRONG
author2 ALICE ARMSTRONG
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering
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description Silicon is used as the key component in commercial Photovoltaic Cell fabrication today. It has enabled the production of efficient, stable devices with power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of around 25% and a serviceable lifetime of up to 25 years. [1] To achieve theseresults the Silicon has to be pure without structural defects making them expensive to produce.Perovskite offers a potentially more flexible and easy to produce alternative that is more tolerant to imperfections and impurities. Perovskites need to be ultra-thin to enhance performance, and recent lab based PCEs approaching those of silicon have been achieved. The main drawback has been the long-term stability due to reaction of the perovskite with water making them sensitive to moisture ingress and humidity. This has been addressed bythe carbon stack printable cell geometry used in this research. This uses readily available materials – TiO2 and ZrO2 – that can be screen-printed to create the stack and has the additional advantage that they do not require expensive hole transport materials such as spiro-OMeTAD. This research builds on the carbon stack cell geometry and explores the feasibility of using inkjet printing for the deposition of the perovskite into the cell, which would assist in facilitating the upscaling of production from the manual methods used in lab research. It also explores the potential of non-hazardous precursor inks which would additionally contribute to the safety and a reduction in the cost of production.To create the cell the perovskite has to infiltrate all layers of the carbon stack which requires optimisation of the droplet deposition parameters used in the inkjet-printing method. This research used the SUSS LP50 inkjet printer to determine the optimum characteristics of ink droplet deposition, and printer runs to create the best PCE for the cells. It also varied theconcentrations and viscosity of the two inks studied –γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and γ-valerolactone (GVL) a less toxic substitute for GBL to produce results.This research shows that the inkjet deposition of the perovskite into the carbon stackgeometry can reliably produce cells with PCE of over 10%, it has also shown that the green alternative solvent GVL does not compromise the efficiency of the cell. Both of these novel approaches offer a promising way forward to commercial fabrication of large, safe, stable and efficient perovskite solar cells.
published_date 2025-03-19T05:27:03Z
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score 11.098499

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