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Charge Extraction Multilayers Enable Positive-Intrinsic-Negative Perovskite Solar Cells with Carbon Electrodes
,
Seongrok Seo ,
Philippe Holzhey ,
Katherine Stewart,
Charlie Henderson ,
Lukas Wagner ,
David Beynon ,
Trystan Watson ,
Ji-Seon Kim ,
Markus Kohlstädt ,
Henry J. Snaith
ACS Energy Letters, Volume: 10, Issue: 6, Pages: 2736 - 2742
Swansea University Authors:
David Beynon , Trystan Watson
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DOI (Published version): 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c03403
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells achieve high power conversion efficiencies but usually rely on vacuum-deposited metallic contacts, leading to high material costs for noble metals and stability issues for more reactive metals. Carbon-based materials offer a cost-effective and potentially more stable alternati...
| Published in: | ACS Energy Letters |
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| ISSN: | 2380-8195 2380-8195 |
| Published: |
American Chemical Society
2025
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| Online Access: |
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| URI: | https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69746 |
| Abstract: |
Perovskite solar cells achieve high power conversion efficiencies but usually rely on vacuum-deposited metallic contacts, leading to high material costs for noble metals and stability issues for more reactive metals. Carbon-based materials offer a cost-effective and potentially more stable alternative. The vast majority of carbon-electrode PSCs use the negative-intrinsic-positive (n-i-p) or “hole-transport-layer-free” architectures. Here, we present a systematic study to assess the compatibility of “inverted”, p-i-n configuration PSC contact layers with carbon top electrodes. We identify incompatibilities between common electron transport layers and the carbon electrode deposition process and previously unobserved semiconducting properties in carbon electrodes with unique implications for charge extraction and electronic behavior. To overcome these issues, we introduce a double-layer atomic layer deposited tin oxide (SnO2) and Poly(2,3-dihydrothieno-1,4-dioxin)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), yielding up to 16.1% PCE and a retained 94% performance after 500 h of outdoor aging. The study is a crucial step forward for printable, metal-electrode-free, and evaporation-free perovskite PV technologies. |
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| Item Description: |
Letter |
| College: |
Faculty of Science and Engineering |
| Funders: |
This work was part funded by the EPSRC Programme Grant ATIP (Application Targeted and Integrated Photovoltaics) (EP/T028513/1) and the Perovskite solar cells with graphite electrodes: Advanced interfaces for highest performance and stability (PeroGAIN) project by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, SPP2196). We acknowledge the EPSRC National Thin Film Facility for Advanced Functional Materials (NTCF), hosted by the Department of Physics at the University of Oxford, and Dr Jin Yao, the facility engineer, for his support. The NTCF was funded by ESPRC (EP/M022900/1), the Wolfson Foundation and the University of Oxford. |
| Issue: |
6 |
| Start Page: |
2736 |
| End Page: |
2742 |