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Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of New Generation Advanced High-Strength Steels for Automotive Applications

James Lelliott Orcid Logo, Elizabeth Sackett Orcid Logo, Hamilton McMurray, Douglas Figueroa-Gordon Orcid Logo

Corrosion and Materials Degradation, Volume: 6, Issue: 4, Start page: 61

Swansea University Authors: Elizabeth Sackett Orcid Logo, Hamilton McMurray

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/cmd6040061

Abstract

The adoption of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) in the automotive industry has significantly increased in recent years driven by weight reduction and enhanced crashworthiness. Hot dip galvanised sacrificial coatings are regularly applied to these steels for corrosion protection. In this investi...

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Published in: Corrosion and Materials Degradation
ISSN: 2624-5558
Published: MDPI AG 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa71099
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spelling v2 71099 2025-12-05 Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of New Generation Advanced High-Strength Steels for Automotive Applications 55d1695a53656de6b0bdfa4c08d8bcd4 0000-0002-5975-6967 Elizabeth Sackett Elizabeth Sackett true false 56fc1b17ffc3bdf6039dc05c6eba7f2a Hamilton McMurray Hamilton McMurray true false 2025-12-05 EAAS The adoption of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) in the automotive industry has significantly increased in recent years driven by weight reduction and enhanced crashworthiness. Hot dip galvanised sacrificial coatings are regularly applied to these steels for corrosion protection. In this investigation, the scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) demonstrated that hydrogen evolution on the steel substrate is taking place when these sacrificial coatings are damaged during service, increasing the risk of hydrogen embrittlement. The hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of a new generation of nano-precipitate ferritic, FNP, AHSS have been studied and compared against conventional dual phase ferritic-martensitic, FM, AHSS at equivalent strength levels. Hydrogen permeation tests have shown that FNP AHSS have lower effective diffusion coefficients, Deff, than FM AHSS at equivalent strength levels. At 800 MPa strength levels Deff were 1.68 × 10−7 cm2/s and 1.87 × 10−7 cm2/s for FNP800 and FM800, respectively. At higher strength levels, 1000 MPa, Deff were 7.45 × 10−8 cm2/s and 1.45 × 10−7 cm2/s for the FNP1000 and FM1000, respectively. Slow strain-rate tests (SSRT) showed that FNP AHSS displayed over 35% higher resistance to hydrogen embrittlement than conventional FM AHSS. Quantitative fractographic analyses confirmed that the new ferritic nano-precipitate microstructure retains much more ductile behaviour than conventional martensitic-ferritic even under the most severe hydrogen charging conditions tested. Journal Article Corrosion and Materials Degradation 6 4 61 MDPI AG 2624-5558 hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility; advanced high strength steels; automotive; nano precipitate ferritic steel; ferritic martensitic steel 24 11 2025 2025-11-24 10.3390/cmd6040061 COLLEGE NANME Engineering and Applied Sciences School COLLEGE CODE EAAS Swansea University Other This research was funded by M2A from the European Social Fund via the Welsh Government (c80816) and Tata Steel. 2025-12-05T15:06:10.6128340 2025-12-05T14:53:19.3552656 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering James Lelliott 0000-0002-3036-3326 1 Elizabeth Sackett 0000-0002-5975-6967 2 Hamilton McMurray 3 Douglas Figueroa-Gordon 0009-0005-2112-1770 4 71099__35777__d07d326776244e2292aaf38ad1cd5899.pdf 71099.VOR.pdf 2025-12-05T14:57:41.7380167 Output 5856377 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2025 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of New Generation Advanced High-Strength Steels for Automotive Applications
spellingShingle Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of New Generation Advanced High-Strength Steels for Automotive Applications
Elizabeth Sackett
Hamilton McMurray
title_short Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of New Generation Advanced High-Strength Steels for Automotive Applications
title_full Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of New Generation Advanced High-Strength Steels for Automotive Applications
title_fullStr Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of New Generation Advanced High-Strength Steels for Automotive Applications
title_full_unstemmed Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of New Generation Advanced High-Strength Steels for Automotive Applications
title_sort Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of New Generation Advanced High-Strength Steels for Automotive Applications
author_id_str_mv 55d1695a53656de6b0bdfa4c08d8bcd4
56fc1b17ffc3bdf6039dc05c6eba7f2a
author_id_fullname_str_mv 55d1695a53656de6b0bdfa4c08d8bcd4_***_Elizabeth Sackett
56fc1b17ffc3bdf6039dc05c6eba7f2a_***_Hamilton McMurray
author Elizabeth Sackett
Hamilton McMurray
author2 James Lelliott
Elizabeth Sackett
Hamilton McMurray
Douglas Figueroa-Gordon
format Journal article
container_title Corrosion and Materials Degradation
container_volume 6
container_issue 4
container_start_page 61
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 2624-5558
doi_str_mv 10.3390/cmd6040061
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The adoption of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) in the automotive industry has significantly increased in recent years driven by weight reduction and enhanced crashworthiness. Hot dip galvanised sacrificial coatings are regularly applied to these steels for corrosion protection. In this investigation, the scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) demonstrated that hydrogen evolution on the steel substrate is taking place when these sacrificial coatings are damaged during service, increasing the risk of hydrogen embrittlement. The hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of a new generation of nano-precipitate ferritic, FNP, AHSS have been studied and compared against conventional dual phase ferritic-martensitic, FM, AHSS at equivalent strength levels. Hydrogen permeation tests have shown that FNP AHSS have lower effective diffusion coefficients, Deff, than FM AHSS at equivalent strength levels. At 800 MPa strength levels Deff were 1.68 × 10−7 cm2/s and 1.87 × 10−7 cm2/s for FNP800 and FM800, respectively. At higher strength levels, 1000 MPa, Deff were 7.45 × 10−8 cm2/s and 1.45 × 10−7 cm2/s for the FNP1000 and FM1000, respectively. Slow strain-rate tests (SSRT) showed that FNP AHSS displayed over 35% higher resistance to hydrogen embrittlement than conventional FM AHSS. Quantitative fractographic analyses confirmed that the new ferritic nano-precipitate microstructure retains much more ductile behaviour than conventional martensitic-ferritic even under the most severe hydrogen charging conditions tested.
published_date 2025-11-24T15:06:13Z
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score 11.08899

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