Journal article 1529 views 216 downloads
Bimodal crystallization at polymer–fullerene interfaces
Dyfrig Môn,
Anthony Higgins ,
David James,
Mark Hampton,
J. Emyr Macdonald,
Michael B. Ward,
Philipp Gutfreund,
Samuele Lilliu,
Jonathan Rawle
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., Volume: 17, Issue: 3, Pages: 2216 - 2227
Swansea University Author: Anthony Higgins
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DOI (Published version): 10.1039/c4cp04253k
Abstract
The growth-kinetics of [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) crystals, on two different length-scales, is shown to be controlled by the thickness of the polymer layer within a PCBM–polymer bilayer. Using a model amorphous polymer we present evidence, from in situ optical microscopy and g...
Published in: | Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. |
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ISSN: | 1463-9076 1463-9084 |
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2015
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URI: | https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa20765 |
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2021-01-20T14:07:47.8743209 v2 20765 2015-04-17 Bimodal crystallization at polymer–fullerene interfaces 4db715667aa7bdc04e87b3ab696d206a 0000-0003-2804-8164 Anthony Higgins Anthony Higgins true false 2015-04-17 MEDE The growth-kinetics of [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) crystals, on two different length-scales, is shown to be controlled by the thickness of the polymer layer within a PCBM–polymer bilayer. Using a model amorphous polymer we present evidence, from in situ optical microscopy and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD), that an increased growth-rate of nanoscale crystals impedes the growth of micron-sized, needle-like PCBM crystals. A combination of neutron reflectivity and GIXD measurements, also allows us to observe the establishment of a liquid–liquid equilibrium composition-profile between the PCBM layer and a polymer-rich layer, before crystallization occurs. While the interfacial composition-profile is independent of polymer-film-thickness, the growth-rate of nanoscale PCBM crystals is significantly larger for thinner polymer films. A similar thickness-dependent behavior is observed for different molecular weights of entangled polymer. We suggest that the behavior may be related to enhanced local-polymer-chain-mobility in nanocomposite thin-films. Journal Article Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17 3 2216 2227 1463-9076 1463-9084 31 12 2015 2015-12-31 10.1039/c4cp04253k COLLEGE NANME Biomedical Engineering COLLEGE CODE MEDE Swansea University 2021-01-20T14:07:47.8743209 2015-04-17T11:44:08.6593342 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Biomedical Engineering Dyfrig Môn 1 Anthony Higgins 0000-0003-2804-8164 2 David James 3 Mark Hampton 4 J. Emyr Macdonald 5 Michael B. Ward 6 Philipp Gutfreund 7 Samuele Lilliu 8 Jonathan Rawle 9 0020765-18072016151056.pdf Mon2014.pdf 2016-07-18T15:10:56.6400000 Output 4633946 application/pdf Version of Record true 2016-07-18T00:00:00.0000000 false |
title |
Bimodal crystallization at polymer–fullerene interfaces |
spellingShingle |
Bimodal crystallization at polymer–fullerene interfaces Anthony Higgins |
title_short |
Bimodal crystallization at polymer–fullerene interfaces |
title_full |
Bimodal crystallization at polymer–fullerene interfaces |
title_fullStr |
Bimodal crystallization at polymer–fullerene interfaces |
title_full_unstemmed |
Bimodal crystallization at polymer–fullerene interfaces |
title_sort |
Bimodal crystallization at polymer–fullerene interfaces |
author_id_str_mv |
4db715667aa7bdc04e87b3ab696d206a |
author_id_fullname_str_mv |
4db715667aa7bdc04e87b3ab696d206a_***_Anthony Higgins |
author |
Anthony Higgins |
author2 |
Dyfrig Môn Anthony Higgins David James Mark Hampton J. Emyr Macdonald Michael B. Ward Philipp Gutfreund Samuele Lilliu Jonathan Rawle |
format |
Journal article |
container_title |
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. |
container_volume |
17 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
2216 |
publishDate |
2015 |
institution |
Swansea University |
issn |
1463-9076 1463-9084 |
doi_str_mv |
10.1039/c4cp04253k |
college_str |
Faculty of Science and Engineering |
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facultyofscienceandengineering |
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Faculty of Science and Engineering |
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facultyofscienceandengineering |
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Faculty of Science and Engineering |
department_str |
School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Biomedical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Biomedical Engineering |
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description |
The growth-kinetics of [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) crystals, on two different length-scales, is shown to be controlled by the thickness of the polymer layer within a PCBM–polymer bilayer. Using a model amorphous polymer we present evidence, from in situ optical microscopy and grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD), that an increased growth-rate of nanoscale crystals impedes the growth of micron-sized, needle-like PCBM crystals. A combination of neutron reflectivity and GIXD measurements, also allows us to observe the establishment of a liquid–liquid equilibrium composition-profile between the PCBM layer and a polymer-rich layer, before crystallization occurs. While the interfacial composition-profile is independent of polymer-film-thickness, the growth-rate of nanoscale PCBM crystals is significantly larger for thinner polymer films. A similar thickness-dependent behavior is observed for different molecular weights of entangled polymer. We suggest that the behavior may be related to enhanced local-polymer-chain-mobility in nanocomposite thin-films. |
published_date |
2015-12-31T03:24:34Z |
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1763750838110519296 |
score |
11.028798 |