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Could Age, Sex and Physical Fitness Affect Blood Glucose Responses to Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes?

Jane E. Yardley, Nicole K. Brockman, Richard Bracken Orcid Logo

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Volume: 9

Swansea University Author: Richard Bracken Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3389/fendo.2018.00674

Abstract

Closed-loop systems for patients with type 1 diabetes are progressing rapidly. Despite these advances, current systems may struggle in dealing with the acute stress of exercise. Algorithms to predict exercise-induced blood glucose changes in current systems are mostly derived from data involving rel...

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Published in: Frontiers in Endocrinology
ISSN: 1664-2392
Published: 2018
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa45945
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first_indexed 2018-11-15T14:21:28Z
last_indexed 2019-01-14T14:00:19Z
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spelling 2019-01-14T12:30:35.3581409 v2 45945 2018-11-15 Could Age, Sex and Physical Fitness Affect Blood Glucose Responses to Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes? f5da81cd18adfdedb2ccb845bddc12f7 0000-0002-6986-6449 Richard Bracken Richard Bracken true false 2018-11-15 STSC Closed-loop systems for patients with type 1 diabetes are progressing rapidly. Despite these advances, current systems may struggle in dealing with the acute stress of exercise. Algorithms to predict exercise-induced blood glucose changes in current systems are mostly derived from data involving relatively young, fit males. Little is known about the magnitude of confounding variables such as sex, age, and fitness level—underlying, uncontrollable factors that might influence blood glucose control during exercise. Sex-related differences in hormonal responses to physical exercise exist in studies involving individuals without diabetes, and result in altered fuel metabolism during exercise. Increasing age is associated with attenuated catecholamine responses and lower carbohydrate oxidation during activity. Furthermore, higher fitness levels can alter hormonal and fuel selection responses to exercise. Compounding the limited research on these factors in the metabolic response to exercise in type 1 diabetes is a limited understanding of how these variables affect blood glucose levels during different types, timing and intensities of activity in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Thus, there is currently insufficient information to model a closed-loop system that can predict them accurately and consistently prevent hypoglycemia. Further, studies involving both sexes, along with a range of ages and fitness levels, are needed to create a closed-loop system that will be more precise in regulating blood glucose during exercise in a wide variety of individuals with T1D. Journal Article Frontiers in Endocrinology 9 1664-2392 31 12 2018 2018-12-31 10.3389/fendo.2018.00674 COLLEGE NANME Sport and Exercise Sciences COLLEGE CODE STSC Swansea University 2019-01-14T12:30:35.3581409 2018-11-15T12:06:41.0705630 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences Jane E. Yardley 1 Nicole K. Brockman 2 Richard Bracken 0000-0002-6986-6449 3 0045945-15112018120823.pdf yardley2018.pdf 2018-11-15T12:08:23.0970000 Output 463845 application/pdf Version of Record true 2018-11-15T00:00:00.0000000 true eng
title Could Age, Sex and Physical Fitness Affect Blood Glucose Responses to Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes?
spellingShingle Could Age, Sex and Physical Fitness Affect Blood Glucose Responses to Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes?
Richard Bracken
title_short Could Age, Sex and Physical Fitness Affect Blood Glucose Responses to Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes?
title_full Could Age, Sex and Physical Fitness Affect Blood Glucose Responses to Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes?
title_fullStr Could Age, Sex and Physical Fitness Affect Blood Glucose Responses to Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes?
title_full_unstemmed Could Age, Sex and Physical Fitness Affect Blood Glucose Responses to Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes?
title_sort Could Age, Sex and Physical Fitness Affect Blood Glucose Responses to Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes?
author_id_str_mv f5da81cd18adfdedb2ccb845bddc12f7
author_id_fullname_str_mv f5da81cd18adfdedb2ccb845bddc12f7_***_Richard Bracken
author Richard Bracken
author2 Jane E. Yardley
Nicole K. Brockman
Richard Bracken
format Journal article
container_title Frontiers in Endocrinology
container_volume 9
publishDate 2018
institution Swansea University
issn 1664-2392
doi_str_mv 10.3389/fendo.2018.00674
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 1
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description Closed-loop systems for patients with type 1 diabetes are progressing rapidly. Despite these advances, current systems may struggle in dealing with the acute stress of exercise. Algorithms to predict exercise-induced blood glucose changes in current systems are mostly derived from data involving relatively young, fit males. Little is known about the magnitude of confounding variables such as sex, age, and fitness level—underlying, uncontrollable factors that might influence blood glucose control during exercise. Sex-related differences in hormonal responses to physical exercise exist in studies involving individuals without diabetes, and result in altered fuel metabolism during exercise. Increasing age is associated with attenuated catecholamine responses and lower carbohydrate oxidation during activity. Furthermore, higher fitness levels can alter hormonal and fuel selection responses to exercise. Compounding the limited research on these factors in the metabolic response to exercise in type 1 diabetes is a limited understanding of how these variables affect blood glucose levels during different types, timing and intensities of activity in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Thus, there is currently insufficient information to model a closed-loop system that can predict them accurately and consistently prevent hypoglycemia. Further, studies involving both sexes, along with a range of ages and fitness levels, are needed to create a closed-loop system that will be more precise in regulating blood glucose during exercise in a wide variety of individuals with T1D.
published_date 2018-12-31T03:57:37Z
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