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Direct and indirect effects of joint torque inputs during an induced speed analysis of a swinging motion

Sekiya Koike, Tatsuya Ishikawa, Alexander P. Willmott, Neil Bezodis Orcid Logo

Journal of Biomechanics, Volume: 86, Pages: 8 - 16

Swansea University Author: Neil Bezodis Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.01.032

Abstract

This study proposed a method to quantify direct and indirect effects of the joint torque inputs in the speed-generating mechanism of a swinging motion. Linear and angular accelerations of all segments within a multi-linked system can be expressed as the sum of contributions from a joint torque term,...

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Published in: Journal of Biomechanics
ISSN: 0021-9290
Published: 2019
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa48281
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first_indexed 2019-01-18T14:01:34Z
last_indexed 2021-01-15T04:09:55Z
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spelling 2021-01-14T13:42:57.9133598 v2 48281 2019-01-18 Direct and indirect effects of joint torque inputs during an induced speed analysis of a swinging motion 534588568c1936e94e1ed8527b8c991b 0000-0003-2229-3310 Neil Bezodis Neil Bezodis true false 2019-01-18 STSC This study proposed a method to quantify direct and indirect effects of the joint torque inputs in the speed-generating mechanism of a swinging motion. Linear and angular accelerations of all segments within a multi-linked system can be expressed as the sum of contributions from a joint torque term, gravitational force term and motion-dependent term (MDT), where the MDT is a nonlinear term consisting of centrifugal force, Coriolis force and a gyroscopic effect moment. Direct effects result from angular accelerations induced by a joint torque at a given instant, whereas indirect effects arise through the MDT induced by joint torques exerted in the past. These two effects were quantified for the kicking-side leg during a rugby place kick. The MDT was the largest contributor to the foot centre of gravity (CG)’s speed at ball contact. Of the factors responsible for generating the MDT, the direct and indirect effects of the hip flexion-extension torque during both the flight phase (from the final kicking foot take-off to support foot contact) and the subsequent support phase (from support foot contact to ball contact) were important contributors to the foot CG’s speed at ball contact. The indirect effect of the ankle plantar-dorsal flexion torque and the direct effect of the knee flexion-extension torque during the support phase showed the largest positive and negative contributions to the foot CG’s speed at ball contact, respectively. The proposed method allows the identification of which individual joint torque axes are crucial and the timings of joint torque exertion that are used to generate a high speed of the distal point of a multi-linked system. Journal Article Journal of Biomechanics 86 8 16 0021-9290 Kinetic chain, Whip-like effect, Dynamic contribution, Cause-and-effect relationship, Rugby kicking 27 3 2019 2019-03-27 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.01.032 COLLEGE NANME Sport and Exercise Sciences COLLEGE CODE STSC Swansea University 2021-01-14T13:42:57.9133598 2019-01-18T09:35:48.8314838 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences Sekiya Koike 1 Tatsuya Ishikawa 2 Alexander P. Willmott 3 Neil Bezodis 0000-0003-2229-3310 4 48281__12519__328b6f3f270c4f69ad9dd1a7fcb2dd7b.pdf koike2019.pdf 2019-01-18T09:55:58.1270000 Output 1442576 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2020-01-25T00:00:00.0000000 Released under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License (CC-BY-NC-ND). true eng
title Direct and indirect effects of joint torque inputs during an induced speed analysis of a swinging motion
spellingShingle Direct and indirect effects of joint torque inputs during an induced speed analysis of a swinging motion
Neil Bezodis
title_short Direct and indirect effects of joint torque inputs during an induced speed analysis of a swinging motion
title_full Direct and indirect effects of joint torque inputs during an induced speed analysis of a swinging motion
title_fullStr Direct and indirect effects of joint torque inputs during an induced speed analysis of a swinging motion
title_full_unstemmed Direct and indirect effects of joint torque inputs during an induced speed analysis of a swinging motion
title_sort Direct and indirect effects of joint torque inputs during an induced speed analysis of a swinging motion
author_id_str_mv 534588568c1936e94e1ed8527b8c991b
author_id_fullname_str_mv 534588568c1936e94e1ed8527b8c991b_***_Neil Bezodis
author Neil Bezodis
author2 Sekiya Koike
Tatsuya Ishikawa
Alexander P. Willmott
Neil Bezodis
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Biomechanics
container_volume 86
container_start_page 8
publishDate 2019
institution Swansea University
issn 0021-9290
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.01.032
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description This study proposed a method to quantify direct and indirect effects of the joint torque inputs in the speed-generating mechanism of a swinging motion. Linear and angular accelerations of all segments within a multi-linked system can be expressed as the sum of contributions from a joint torque term, gravitational force term and motion-dependent term (MDT), where the MDT is a nonlinear term consisting of centrifugal force, Coriolis force and a gyroscopic effect moment. Direct effects result from angular accelerations induced by a joint torque at a given instant, whereas indirect effects arise through the MDT induced by joint torques exerted in the past. These two effects were quantified for the kicking-side leg during a rugby place kick. The MDT was the largest contributor to the foot centre of gravity (CG)’s speed at ball contact. Of the factors responsible for generating the MDT, the direct and indirect effects of the hip flexion-extension torque during both the flight phase (from the final kicking foot take-off to support foot contact) and the subsequent support phase (from support foot contact to ball contact) were important contributors to the foot CG’s speed at ball contact. The indirect effect of the ankle plantar-dorsal flexion torque and the direct effect of the knee flexion-extension torque during the support phase showed the largest positive and negative contributions to the foot CG’s speed at ball contact, respectively. The proposed method allows the identification of which individual joint torque axes are crucial and the timings of joint torque exertion that are used to generate a high speed of the distal point of a multi-linked system.
published_date 2019-03-27T03:58:39Z
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score 11.035634

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