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Supplementary Nitric Oxide Donors and Exercise as Potential Means to Improve Vascular Health in People with Type 1 Diabetes: Yes to NO?

Olivia McCarthy, Othmar Moser, Max Eckstein, Steve Bain Orcid Logo, Jason Pitt, Richard Bracken Orcid Logo

Nutrients, Volume: 11, Issue: 7, Start page: 1571

Swansea University Authors: Olivia McCarthy, Othmar Moser, Max Eckstein, Steve Bain Orcid Logo, Jason Pitt, Richard Bracken Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/nu11071571

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with a greater occurrence of cardiovascular pathologies. Vascular dysfunction has been shown at the level of the endothelial layers and failure to maintain a continuous pool of circulating nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the progression of poor vascular h...

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Published in: Nutrients
ISSN: 2072-6643 2072-6643
Published: MDPI AG 2019
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa51072
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Vascular dysfunction has been shown at the level of the endothelial layers and failure to maintain a continuous pool of circulating nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the progression of poor vascular health. Biochemically, NO can be produced via two distinct yet inter-related pathways that involve an upregulation in the enzymatic activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). These pathways can be split into an endogenous oxygen-dependent pathway i.e., the catabolism of the amino acid L-arginine to L-citrulline concurrently yielding NO in the process, and an exogenous oxygen-independent one i.e., the conversion of exogenous inorganic nitrate to nitrite and subsequently NO in a stepwise fashion. Although a body of research has explored the vascular responses to exercise and/or compounds known to stimulate NOS and subsequently NO production, there is little research applying these findings to individuals with T1D, for whom preventative strategies that alleviate or at least temper vascular pathologies are critical foci for long-term risk mitigation. This review addresses the proposed mechanisms responsible for vascular dysfunction, before exploring the potential mechanisms by which exercise, and two supplementary NO donors may provide vascular benefits in T1D.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Nutrients</journal><volume>11</volume><journalNumber>7</journalNumber><paginationStart>1571</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>MDPI AG</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>2072-6643</issnPrint><issnElectronic>2072-6643</issnElectronic><keywords>type 1 diabetes; cardiovascular disease; nitric oxide; endothelial dysfunction; dietary nitrates</keywords><publishedDay>12</publishedDay><publishedMonth>7</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2019</publishedYear><publishedDate>2019-07-12</publishedDate><doi>10.3390/nu11071571</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Sport and Exercise Sciences</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>STSC</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders/><projectreference/><lastEdited>2022-12-02T19:02:57.9176286</lastEdited><Created>2019-07-12T09:05:26.9815971</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Olivia</firstname><surname>McCarthy</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Othmar</firstname><surname>Moser</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Max</firstname><surname>Eckstein</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Steve</firstname><surname>Bain</surname><orcid>0000-0001-8519-4964</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Jason</firstname><surname>Pitt</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Richard</firstname><surname>Bracken</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6986-6449</orcid><order>6</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>0051072-12072019090905.pdf</filename><originalFilename>mccarthy2019.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2019-07-12T09:09:05.6070000</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>2458064</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><embargoDate>2019-07-12T00:00:00.0000000</embargoDate><documentNotes>Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-4.0)</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2022-12-02T19:02:57.9176286 v2 51072 2019-07-12 Supplementary Nitric Oxide Donors and Exercise as Potential Means to Improve Vascular Health in People with Type 1 Diabetes: Yes to NO? 4fea3e19b39712dea1d051d317614572 Olivia McCarthy Olivia McCarthy true false 3b249efea402d5413effa1e67f31bdfa Othmar Moser Othmar Moser true false 88e3800018f862425765f3e36da8de30 Max Eckstein Max Eckstein true false 5399f4c6e6a70f3608a084ddb938511a 0000-0001-8519-4964 Steve Bain Steve Bain true false 0103027605e3ccd2909f4170d9d2c96f Jason Pitt Jason Pitt true false f5da81cd18adfdedb2ccb845bddc12f7 0000-0002-6986-6449 Richard Bracken Richard Bracken true false 2019-07-12 STSC Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with a greater occurrence of cardiovascular pathologies. Vascular dysfunction has been shown at the level of the endothelial layers and failure to maintain a continuous pool of circulating nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the progression of poor vascular health. Biochemically, NO can be produced via two distinct yet inter-related pathways that involve an upregulation in the enzymatic activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). These pathways can be split into an endogenous oxygen-dependent pathway i.e., the catabolism of the amino acid L-arginine to L-citrulline concurrently yielding NO in the process, and an exogenous oxygen-independent one i.e., the conversion of exogenous inorganic nitrate to nitrite and subsequently NO in a stepwise fashion. Although a body of research has explored the vascular responses to exercise and/or compounds known to stimulate NOS and subsequently NO production, there is little research applying these findings to individuals with T1D, for whom preventative strategies that alleviate or at least temper vascular pathologies are critical foci for long-term risk mitigation. This review addresses the proposed mechanisms responsible for vascular dysfunction, before exploring the potential mechanisms by which exercise, and two supplementary NO donors may provide vascular benefits in T1D. Journal Article Nutrients 11 7 1571 MDPI AG 2072-6643 2072-6643 type 1 diabetes; cardiovascular disease; nitric oxide; endothelial dysfunction; dietary nitrates 12 7 2019 2019-07-12 10.3390/nu11071571 COLLEGE NANME Sport and Exercise Sciences COLLEGE CODE STSC Swansea University 2022-12-02T19:02:57.9176286 2019-07-12T09:05:26.9815971 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences Olivia McCarthy 1 Othmar Moser 2 Max Eckstein 3 Steve Bain 0000-0001-8519-4964 4 Jason Pitt 5 Richard Bracken 0000-0002-6986-6449 6 0051072-12072019090905.pdf mccarthy2019.pdf 2019-07-12T09:09:05.6070000 Output 2458064 application/pdf Version of Record true 2019-07-12T00:00:00.0000000 Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-4.0) true eng
title Supplementary Nitric Oxide Donors and Exercise as Potential Means to Improve Vascular Health in People with Type 1 Diabetes: Yes to NO?
spellingShingle Supplementary Nitric Oxide Donors and Exercise as Potential Means to Improve Vascular Health in People with Type 1 Diabetes: Yes to NO?
Olivia McCarthy
Othmar Moser
Max Eckstein
Steve Bain
Jason Pitt
Richard Bracken
title_short Supplementary Nitric Oxide Donors and Exercise as Potential Means to Improve Vascular Health in People with Type 1 Diabetes: Yes to NO?
title_full Supplementary Nitric Oxide Donors and Exercise as Potential Means to Improve Vascular Health in People with Type 1 Diabetes: Yes to NO?
title_fullStr Supplementary Nitric Oxide Donors and Exercise as Potential Means to Improve Vascular Health in People with Type 1 Diabetes: Yes to NO?
title_full_unstemmed Supplementary Nitric Oxide Donors and Exercise as Potential Means to Improve Vascular Health in People with Type 1 Diabetes: Yes to NO?
title_sort Supplementary Nitric Oxide Donors and Exercise as Potential Means to Improve Vascular Health in People with Type 1 Diabetes: Yes to NO?
author_id_str_mv 4fea3e19b39712dea1d051d317614572
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author_id_fullname_str_mv 4fea3e19b39712dea1d051d317614572_***_Olivia McCarthy
3b249efea402d5413effa1e67f31bdfa_***_Othmar Moser
88e3800018f862425765f3e36da8de30_***_Max Eckstein
5399f4c6e6a70f3608a084ddb938511a_***_Steve Bain
0103027605e3ccd2909f4170d9d2c96f_***_Jason Pitt
f5da81cd18adfdedb2ccb845bddc12f7_***_Richard Bracken
author Olivia McCarthy
Othmar Moser
Max Eckstein
Steve Bain
Jason Pitt
Richard Bracken
author2 Olivia McCarthy
Othmar Moser
Max Eckstein
Steve Bain
Jason Pitt
Richard Bracken
format Journal article
container_title Nutrients
container_volume 11
container_issue 7
container_start_page 1571
publishDate 2019
institution Swansea University
issn 2072-6643
2072-6643
doi_str_mv 10.3390/nu11071571
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 1
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description Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with a greater occurrence of cardiovascular pathologies. Vascular dysfunction has been shown at the level of the endothelial layers and failure to maintain a continuous pool of circulating nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the progression of poor vascular health. Biochemically, NO can be produced via two distinct yet inter-related pathways that involve an upregulation in the enzymatic activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). These pathways can be split into an endogenous oxygen-dependent pathway i.e., the catabolism of the amino acid L-arginine to L-citrulline concurrently yielding NO in the process, and an exogenous oxygen-independent one i.e., the conversion of exogenous inorganic nitrate to nitrite and subsequently NO in a stepwise fashion. Although a body of research has explored the vascular responses to exercise and/or compounds known to stimulate NOS and subsequently NO production, there is little research applying these findings to individuals with T1D, for whom preventative strategies that alleviate or at least temper vascular pathologies are critical foci for long-term risk mitigation. This review addresses the proposed mechanisms responsible for vascular dysfunction, before exploring the potential mechanisms by which exercise, and two supplementary NO donors may provide vascular benefits in T1D.
published_date 2019-07-12T04:02:49Z
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