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Development of the Iron Electrode for Utility Scale Energy Storage / Alistair D. Barnes

DOI (Published version): 10.23889/Suthesis.51309

Abstract

Iron electrodes, used in Nickel Iron (NiFe) batteries, are known for their electrode stability, 25-year cycle life and suitability for utility scale energy storage. Key challenges addressed here include rapid electrode manufacture, analytical techniques and, cathodic hydrogen evolution. Electrode ma...

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Published: 2019
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: EngD
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa51309
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spelling 2022-12-18T09:46:32.3347131 v2 51309 2019-08-05 Development of the Iron Electrode for Utility Scale Energy Storage 2019-08-05 Iron electrodes, used in Nickel Iron (NiFe) batteries, are known for their electrode stability, 25-year cycle life and suitability for utility scale energy storage. Key challenges addressed here include rapid electrode manufacture, analytical techniques and, cathodic hydrogen evolution. Electrode manufacture was investigated in order to produce a low-cost iron electrode suitable for scale up. Ultrafast heating techniques, including near infrared, were used to produce electrodes on substrates with various surface modifications. Low temperature PTFE bound electrodes and sintered electrodes were produced via rapid heating. Electrochemical testing showed mixed results with sintered electrodes cycling successfully and no discernible effect from substrate surface modification. The in-situ Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique (SVET) has been used here for the first time in energy storage to study the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) which occurs during charging and compromises round trip efficiency. SVET was used to map HER current density distribution across an iron electrode with respect to time and accuracy was verified against a traditional gas collection technique. Thiourea was shown to offer a 92% reduction in hydrogen evolution and the SVET was also shown to operate on sintered iron electrodes manufactured in earlier work. The Scanning Kelvin Probe was used on iron electrodes to spatially resolve the Volta potential depression effect which occurs due to presence of atomic hydrogen. The mechanisms of HER inhibitors, benzotriazole and thiourea were compared against those described in literature. Differing mechanisms were confirmed, further demonstrating the potential of scanning electrochemistry in energy storage research. E-Thesis Materials, Engineering, Batteries, Energy Storage, Electrochemistry, SVET, SKP, Scanning Electrochemistry 31 12 2019 2019-12-31 10.23889/Suthesis.51309 A selection of third party content is redacted or is partially redacted from this thesis.Images on page 8 and 12 are distributed under the terms of a CC-BY license. Obtained from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136403211600232X .Image on page 29 is distributed under the terms of a CC-BY license. Obtained from http://jes.ecsdl.org/content/164/7/C407.figures-only . COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Doctoral EngD Tata Steel Europe 2022-12-18T09:46:32.3347131 2019-08-05T08:51:39.8140829 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised Alistair D. Barnes 1 0051309-05082019113537.pdf Barnes_Alistair_D_PhD_Thesis_Final_Redacted.pdf 2019-08-05T11:35:37.4730000 Output 8932400 application/pdf Redacted version - open access true 2019-08-04T00:00:00.0000000 true
title Development of the Iron Electrode for Utility Scale Energy Storage
spellingShingle Development of the Iron Electrode for Utility Scale Energy Storage
,
title_short Development of the Iron Electrode for Utility Scale Energy Storage
title_full Development of the Iron Electrode for Utility Scale Energy Storage
title_fullStr Development of the Iron Electrode for Utility Scale Energy Storage
title_full_unstemmed Development of the Iron Electrode for Utility Scale Energy Storage
title_sort Development of the Iron Electrode for Utility Scale Energy Storage
author ,
author2 Alistair D. Barnes
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2019
institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.23889/Suthesis.51309
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Iron electrodes, used in Nickel Iron (NiFe) batteries, are known for their electrode stability, 25-year cycle life and suitability for utility scale energy storage. Key challenges addressed here include rapid electrode manufacture, analytical techniques and, cathodic hydrogen evolution. Electrode manufacture was investigated in order to produce a low-cost iron electrode suitable for scale up. Ultrafast heating techniques, including near infrared, were used to produce electrodes on substrates with various surface modifications. Low temperature PTFE bound electrodes and sintered electrodes were produced via rapid heating. Electrochemical testing showed mixed results with sintered electrodes cycling successfully and no discernible effect from substrate surface modification. The in-situ Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique (SVET) has been used here for the first time in energy storage to study the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) which occurs during charging and compromises round trip efficiency. SVET was used to map HER current density distribution across an iron electrode with respect to time and accuracy was verified against a traditional gas collection technique. Thiourea was shown to offer a 92% reduction in hydrogen evolution and the SVET was also shown to operate on sintered iron electrodes manufactured in earlier work. The Scanning Kelvin Probe was used on iron electrodes to spatially resolve the Volta potential depression effect which occurs due to presence of atomic hydrogen. The mechanisms of HER inhibitors, benzotriazole and thiourea were compared against those described in literature. Differing mechanisms were confirmed, further demonstrating the potential of scanning electrochemistry in energy storage research.
published_date 2019-12-31T04:03:09Z
_version_ 1763753265237852160
score 11.012678

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