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Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model

Francesca Paradiso, Stefano Serpelloni, Lewis Francis Orcid Logo, Francesca Taraballi

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Volume: 22, Issue: 18, Start page: 10098

Swansea University Author: Lewis Francis Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/ijms221810098

Abstract

From the development of self-aggregating, scaffold-free multicellular spheroids to the inclusion of scaffold systems, 3D models have progressively increased in complexity to better mimic native tissues. The inclusion of a third dimension in cancer models allows researchers to zoom out from a signifi...

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Published in: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
Published: MDPI AG 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa58317
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first_indexed 2021-10-13T10:05:09Z
last_indexed 2021-11-10T04:25:37Z
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spelling 2021-11-09T12:26:33.9140925 v2 58317 2021-10-13 Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model 10f61f9c1248951c1a33f6a89498f37d 0000-0002-7803-7714 Lewis Francis Lewis Francis true false 2021-10-13 BMS From the development of self-aggregating, scaffold-free multicellular spheroids to the inclusion of scaffold systems, 3D models have progressively increased in complexity to better mimic native tissues. The inclusion of a third dimension in cancer models allows researchers to zoom out from a significant but limited cancer cell research approach to a wider investigation of the tumor microenvironment. This model can include multiple cell types and many elements from the extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides mechanical support for the tissue, mediates cell-microenvironment interactions, and plays a key role in cancer cell invasion. Both biochemical and biophysical signals from the extracellular space strongly influence cell fate, the epigenetic landscape, and gene expression. Specifically, a detailed mechanistic understanding of tumor cell-ECM interactions, especially during cancer invasion, is lacking. In this review, we focus on the latest achievements in the study of ECM biomechanics and mechanosensing in cancer on 3D scaffold-based and scaffold-free models, focusing on each platform's level of complexity, up-to-date mechanical tests performed, limitations, and potential for further improvements. Journal Article International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22 18 10098 MDPI AG 1422-0067 microenvironment, 3D model, mechanics, biomaterials, cancer, mechanosensing 18 9 2021 2021-09-18 10.3390/ijms221810098 COLLEGE NANME Biomedical Sciences COLLEGE CODE BMS Swansea University Celtic Advanced Life Science Innovation Network, an Ireland Wales 2014–2020 programme part funded by the European Regional Development Fund through the Welsh Government 2021-11-09T12:26:33.9140925 2021-10-13T11:02:57.1224123 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine Francesca Paradiso 1 Stefano Serpelloni 2 Lewis Francis 0000-0002-7803-7714 3 Francesca Taraballi 4 58317__21167__fc23e294f9de48afadd6aa251e258618.pdf 58317.pdf 2021-10-13T11:05:27.7692445 Output 1558680 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2021 by the authors.This is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model
spellingShingle Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model
Lewis Francis
title_short Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model
title_full Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model
title_fullStr Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model
title_full_unstemmed Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model
title_sort Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model
author_id_str_mv 10f61f9c1248951c1a33f6a89498f37d
author_id_fullname_str_mv 10f61f9c1248951c1a33f6a89498f37d_***_Lewis Francis
author Lewis Francis
author2 Francesca Paradiso
Stefano Serpelloni
Lewis Francis
Francesca Taraballi
format Journal article
container_title International Journal of Molecular Sciences
container_volume 22
container_issue 18
container_start_page 10098
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 1422-0067
doi_str_mv 10.3390/ijms221810098
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description From the development of self-aggregating, scaffold-free multicellular spheroids to the inclusion of scaffold systems, 3D models have progressively increased in complexity to better mimic native tissues. The inclusion of a third dimension in cancer models allows researchers to zoom out from a significant but limited cancer cell research approach to a wider investigation of the tumor microenvironment. This model can include multiple cell types and many elements from the extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides mechanical support for the tissue, mediates cell-microenvironment interactions, and plays a key role in cancer cell invasion. Both biochemical and biophysical signals from the extracellular space strongly influence cell fate, the epigenetic landscape, and gene expression. Specifically, a detailed mechanistic understanding of tumor cell-ECM interactions, especially during cancer invasion, is lacking. In this review, we focus on the latest achievements in the study of ECM biomechanics and mechanosensing in cancer on 3D scaffold-based and scaffold-free models, focusing on each platform's level of complexity, up-to-date mechanical tests performed, limitations, and potential for further improvements.
published_date 2021-09-18T04:14:45Z
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score 10.998321

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