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A prospective assessment of scale effects of energy conversion in ultra-low-head pumped hydro energy storage units

Hao Wang, Fujun Wang, Chaoyue Wang, Benhong Wang, Chenfeng Li Orcid Logo, Dianji Li

Energy Conversion and Management, Volume: 315, Start page: 118798

Swansea University Author: Chenfeng Li Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118798

Abstract

Ultra-low-head pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) is an attractive solution to the intermittency of sustainable energy in lowland countries and regions. For the development of large-scale ultra-low-head PHES units, tubular pump-turbine is the core equipment, but a comprehensive understanding of the...

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Published in: Energy Conversion and Management
ISSN: 0196-8904
Published: Elsevier BV 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69489
first_indexed 2025-05-09T14:33:54Z
last_indexed 2025-06-14T04:53:46Z
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spelling 2025-06-13T14:07:11.2468173 v2 69489 2025-05-09 A prospective assessment of scale effects of energy conversion in ultra-low-head pumped hydro energy storage units 82fe170d5ae2c840e538a36209e5a3ac 0000-0003-0441-211X Chenfeng Li Chenfeng Li true false 2025-05-09 ACEM Ultra-low-head pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) is an attractive solution to the intermittency of sustainable energy in lowland countries and regions. For the development of large-scale ultra-low-head PHES units, tubular pump-turbine is the core equipment, but a comprehensive understanding of the technical and economic aspects of its scale effects of energy conversion is still lacking. In this paper, taking the East Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China as a prospective case, a comprehensive technical assessment of scale effects of energy conversion in ultra-low-head PHES units is conducted, and then a generalized economic analysis considering both benefits and stability is performed. The following valuable results are obtained: (1) For energy performance, special scale effects are observed in the head, power and hydraulic efficiency in both pump and turbine modes, suggesting more attention should be paid to the energy conversion similarity failure induced by the variations of geometric scale. (2) For hydraulic stability, the rotor force moment and pressure fluctuations increase with the geometric scale in both pump and turbine modes, while the pump mode plays a crucial role in restricting the limit size for safe bidirectional operation. (3) For internal flows, partial flow separation is observed in the guide-vane region in pump mode and in the draft tube in turbine mode, respectively. The fundamental path to improving project technicality lies in controlling the energetic vortices. (4) For generalized economy, the adverse effects caused by the deterioration of stability with the increase of geometric scale must be considered, and the 7 ∼ 9 m runner size is recommended for ultra-low-head PHES units from the perspective of optimal generalized revenue. These findings can provide a comprehensive guidance for the selection, optimization and development of ultra-low-head PHES units with different capacities, and can help the decision-makers effectively avoid technical and economic problems caused by the scale effects during the project design phase. Journal Article Energy Conversion and Management 315 118798 Elsevier BV 0196-8904 Ultra-low-head; Pumped hydro energy storage; Tubular pump-turbine; Energy conversion; Scale effect; Generalized economy 1 9 2024 2024-09-01 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118798 COLLEGE NANME Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering COLLEGE CODE ACEM Swansea University The authors would like to acknowledge the financial supports given by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52209117, U22A20238, 51836010), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFC3204604), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M703516) and the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University. 2025-06-13T14:07:11.2468173 2025-05-09T15:31:20.1270025 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering Hao Wang 1 Fujun Wang 2 Chaoyue Wang 3 Benhong Wang 4 Chenfeng Li 0000-0003-0441-211X 5 Dianji Li 6
title A prospective assessment of scale effects of energy conversion in ultra-low-head pumped hydro energy storage units
spellingShingle A prospective assessment of scale effects of energy conversion in ultra-low-head pumped hydro energy storage units
Chenfeng Li
title_short A prospective assessment of scale effects of energy conversion in ultra-low-head pumped hydro energy storage units
title_full A prospective assessment of scale effects of energy conversion in ultra-low-head pumped hydro energy storage units
title_fullStr A prospective assessment of scale effects of energy conversion in ultra-low-head pumped hydro energy storage units
title_full_unstemmed A prospective assessment of scale effects of energy conversion in ultra-low-head pumped hydro energy storage units
title_sort A prospective assessment of scale effects of energy conversion in ultra-low-head pumped hydro energy storage units
author_id_str_mv 82fe170d5ae2c840e538a36209e5a3ac
author_id_fullname_str_mv 82fe170d5ae2c840e538a36209e5a3ac_***_Chenfeng Li
author Chenfeng Li
author2 Hao Wang
Fujun Wang
Chaoyue Wang
Benhong Wang
Chenfeng Li
Dianji Li
format Journal article
container_title Energy Conversion and Management
container_volume 315
container_start_page 118798
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 0196-8904
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118798
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Civil Engineering
document_store_str 0
active_str 0
description Ultra-low-head pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) is an attractive solution to the intermittency of sustainable energy in lowland countries and regions. For the development of large-scale ultra-low-head PHES units, tubular pump-turbine is the core equipment, but a comprehensive understanding of the technical and economic aspects of its scale effects of energy conversion is still lacking. In this paper, taking the East Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China as a prospective case, a comprehensive technical assessment of scale effects of energy conversion in ultra-low-head PHES units is conducted, and then a generalized economic analysis considering both benefits and stability is performed. The following valuable results are obtained: (1) For energy performance, special scale effects are observed in the head, power and hydraulic efficiency in both pump and turbine modes, suggesting more attention should be paid to the energy conversion similarity failure induced by the variations of geometric scale. (2) For hydraulic stability, the rotor force moment and pressure fluctuations increase with the geometric scale in both pump and turbine modes, while the pump mode plays a crucial role in restricting the limit size for safe bidirectional operation. (3) For internal flows, partial flow separation is observed in the guide-vane region in pump mode and in the draft tube in turbine mode, respectively. The fundamental path to improving project technicality lies in controlling the energetic vortices. (4) For generalized economy, the adverse effects caused by the deterioration of stability with the increase of geometric scale must be considered, and the 7 ∼ 9 m runner size is recommended for ultra-low-head PHES units from the perspective of optimal generalized revenue. These findings can provide a comprehensive guidance for the selection, optimization and development of ultra-low-head PHES units with different capacities, and can help the decision-makers effectively avoid technical and economic problems caused by the scale effects during the project design phase.
published_date 2024-09-01T07:39:13Z
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score 11.08895

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