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Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus Metabolites for Fungal Biocontrol and Application in Soybean Seed Protection

Nathalie Otoya-Martinez, Mustapha Touray Orcid Logo, Harun Cimen Orcid Logo, Edna Bode, Helge B. Bode, Selcuk Hazir Orcid Logo, Julie Giovanna Chacon-Orozco Orcid Logo, César Júnior Bueno Orcid Logo, Luís Gárrigos Leite

Journal of Fungi, Volume: 11, Issue: 10, Start page: 691

Swansea University Author: Mustapha Touray Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/jof11100691

Abstract

Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus bacteria, members of the Morganellaceae family, are sources of novel natural products for the biocontrol of fungal pathogens in soybean production. This study demonstrated the inhibitory effects of metabolites from four Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus strains (including a l...

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Published in: Journal of Fungi
ISSN: 2309-608X
Published: MDPI AG 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa70458
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Bacterial metabolite efficacy and fungal susceptibility varied. Xenorhabdus szentirmaii DSM 16338, X. szentirmaii PAM 25, and X. doucetiae demonstrated significant inhibition (&gt;90%) against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, and Macrophomina phaseolina, exhibiting superior efficacy compared to X. nematophila and Photorhabdus kayaii. Fusarium oxysporum demonstrated greater resistance to the bacterial supernatants. We identified fabclavine, pyrollizixenamide, and szentirazine from X. szentirmaii, and xenocoumacins from X. doucetiae as the antifungal bioactive compounds in the respective easyPACid mutants. Furthermore, we assessed the efficacy of X. szentirmaii PAM 25 and its metabolites in protecting soybean seeds from S. sclerotiorum and investigated the shelf stability of the bacterial metabolites as the fungus suppressors. Cell-free supernatant maintained &gt;80% inhibition of S. sclerotiorum after one year at 5&#x2013;35 &#xB0;C. 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spelling 2025-10-20T15:30:06.3622418 v2 70458 2025-09-23 Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus Metabolites for Fungal Biocontrol and Application in Soybean Seed Protection 525f9e9af0d60813fdaee65dc0cb7cdf 0000-0002-9550-0782 Mustapha Touray Mustapha Touray true false 2025-09-23 BGPS Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus bacteria, members of the Morganellaceae family, are sources of novel natural products for the biocontrol of fungal pathogens in soybean production. This study demonstrated the inhibitory effects of metabolites from four Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus strains (including a local isolate, X. szentirmaii PAM 25), against four key phytopathogenic fungi. Bacterial metabolite efficacy and fungal susceptibility varied. Xenorhabdus szentirmaii DSM 16338, X. szentirmaii PAM 25, and X. doucetiae demonstrated significant inhibition (>90%) against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, and Macrophomina phaseolina, exhibiting superior efficacy compared to X. nematophila and Photorhabdus kayaii. Fusarium oxysporum demonstrated greater resistance to the bacterial supernatants. We identified fabclavine, pyrollizixenamide, and szentirazine from X. szentirmaii, and xenocoumacins from X. doucetiae as the antifungal bioactive compounds in the respective easyPACid mutants. Furthermore, we assessed the efficacy of X. szentirmaii PAM 25 and its metabolites in protecting soybean seeds from S. sclerotiorum and investigated the shelf stability of the bacterial metabolites as the fungus suppressors. Cell-free supernatant maintained >80% inhibition of S. sclerotiorum after one year at 5–35 °C. Importantly, the cell-free supernatant, as well as the bacterial culture, effectively inhibited S. sclerotiorum in seed treatments, ensuring ≥80% seed germination, comparable to thiophanate-methyl + fluazinam fungicide. This study demonstrates that the direct seed application of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria offers a practical and innovative biological control method against soil-borne fungal pathogens. Journal Article Journal of Fungi 11 10 691 MDPI AG 2309-608X Glycine max; white mold; entomopathogenic nematodes; biological control; antifungal compounds 23 9 2025 2025-09-23 10.3390/jof11100691 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee This study was supported by the Max Planck Society (for HBB), the Aydin Adnan Menderes University (Project No. 22014), the São Paulo State Research Foundation—FAPESP (Project Nos. 2017/50334-3, 2019/23702-7, and 2021/11945-2), and the CNPq/INCT Innovative Bioinputs (Project No. 406803/2022-6). 2025-10-20T15:30:06.3622418 2025-09-23T11:22:10.1734751 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Nathalie Otoya-Martinez 1 Mustapha Touray 0000-0002-9550-0782 2 Harun Cimen 0000-0002-0106-4183 3 Edna Bode 4 Helge B. Bode 5 Selcuk Hazir 0000-0001-9298-1472 6 Julie Giovanna Chacon-Orozco 0000-0002-7481-9567 7 César Júnior Bueno 0000-0002-3406-7516 8 Luís Gárrigos Leite 9 70458__35416__8bb21d4be59c49099b1d233e1e458f21.pdf 70458.VOR.pdf 2025-10-20T15:26:53.5883744 Output 2060355 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2025 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus Metabolites for Fungal Biocontrol and Application in Soybean Seed Protection
spellingShingle Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus Metabolites for Fungal Biocontrol and Application in Soybean Seed Protection
Mustapha Touray
title_short Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus Metabolites for Fungal Biocontrol and Application in Soybean Seed Protection
title_full Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus Metabolites for Fungal Biocontrol and Application in Soybean Seed Protection
title_fullStr Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus Metabolites for Fungal Biocontrol and Application in Soybean Seed Protection
title_full_unstemmed Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus Metabolites for Fungal Biocontrol and Application in Soybean Seed Protection
title_sort Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus Metabolites for Fungal Biocontrol and Application in Soybean Seed Protection
author_id_str_mv 525f9e9af0d60813fdaee65dc0cb7cdf
author_id_fullname_str_mv 525f9e9af0d60813fdaee65dc0cb7cdf_***_Mustapha Touray
author Mustapha Touray
author2 Nathalie Otoya-Martinez
Mustapha Touray
Harun Cimen
Edna Bode
Helge B. Bode
Selcuk Hazir
Julie Giovanna Chacon-Orozco
César Júnior Bueno
Luís Gárrigos Leite
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Fungi
container_volume 11
container_issue 10
container_start_page 691
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 2309-608X
doi_str_mv 10.3390/jof11100691
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus bacteria, members of the Morganellaceae family, are sources of novel natural products for the biocontrol of fungal pathogens in soybean production. This study demonstrated the inhibitory effects of metabolites from four Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus strains (including a local isolate, X. szentirmaii PAM 25), against four key phytopathogenic fungi. Bacterial metabolite efficacy and fungal susceptibility varied. Xenorhabdus szentirmaii DSM 16338, X. szentirmaii PAM 25, and X. doucetiae demonstrated significant inhibition (>90%) against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, and Macrophomina phaseolina, exhibiting superior efficacy compared to X. nematophila and Photorhabdus kayaii. Fusarium oxysporum demonstrated greater resistance to the bacterial supernatants. We identified fabclavine, pyrollizixenamide, and szentirazine from X. szentirmaii, and xenocoumacins from X. doucetiae as the antifungal bioactive compounds in the respective easyPACid mutants. Furthermore, we assessed the efficacy of X. szentirmaii PAM 25 and its metabolites in protecting soybean seeds from S. sclerotiorum and investigated the shelf stability of the bacterial metabolites as the fungus suppressors. Cell-free supernatant maintained >80% inhibition of S. sclerotiorum after one year at 5–35 °C. Importantly, the cell-free supernatant, as well as the bacterial culture, effectively inhibited S. sclerotiorum in seed treatments, ensuring ≥80% seed germination, comparable to thiophanate-methyl + fluazinam fungicide. This study demonstrates that the direct seed application of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria offers a practical and innovative biological control method against soil-borne fungal pathogens.
published_date 2025-09-23T07:52:28Z
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