Immune Reactions of Vector Insects to Parasites and Pathogens

Ratcliffe, Norman; Mello, Cicero Brasileiro; Castro, Helena Carla; Dyson, Paul; Figueiredo, Marcela Barbosa

doi:10.3390/microorganisms12030568

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Immune Reactions of Vector Insects to Parasites and Pathogens

Norman Ratcliffe, Cicero Brasileiro Mello, Helena Carla Castro, Paul Dyson

, Marcela Barbosa Figueiredo Santangelo

Microorganisms, Volume: 12, Issue: 3, Start page: 568

Swansea University Authors: Norman Ratcliffe, Paul Dyson , Marcela Barbosa Figueiredo Santangelo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/microorganisms12030568

Abstract

This overview initially describes insect immune reactions and then brings together present knowledge of the interactions of vector insects with their invading parasites and pathogens. It is a way of introducing this Special Issue with subsequent papers presenting the latest details of these interact...

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Published in:	Microorganisms
ISSN:	2076-2607
Published:	MDPI AG 2024
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URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa65880
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spelling	v2 65880 2024-03-22 Immune Reactions of Vector Insects to Parasites and Pathogens aebb70dc95237305e0a8f4bb80b5ef22 Norman Ratcliffe Norman Ratcliffe true false 300e3f46b70ae83f563b24f41d00cd17 0000-0002-0558-2666 Paul Dyson Paul Dyson true false b6d8f11df85fce6d8bd702f565908a79 Marcela Barbosa Figueiredo Santangelo Marcela Barbosa Figueiredo Santangelo true false 2024-03-22 FGSEN This overview initially describes insect immune reactions and then brings together present knowledge of the interactions of vector insects with their invading parasites and pathogens. It is a way of introducing this Special Issue with subsequent papers presenting the latest details of these interactions in each particular group of vectors. Hopefully, this paper will fill a void in the literature since brief descriptions of vector immunity have now been brought together in one publication and could form a starting point for those interested and new to this important area. Descriptions are given on the immune reactions of mosquitoes, blackflies, sandflies, tsetse flies, lice, fleas and triatomine bugs. Cellular and humoral defences are described separately but emphasis is made on the co-operation of these processes in the completed immune response. The paper also emphasises the need for great care in extracting haemocytes for subsequent study as appreciation of their fragile nature is often overlooked with the non-sterile media, smearing techniques and excessive centrifugation sometimes used. The potential vital role of eicosanoids in the instigation of many of the immune reactions described is also discussed. Finally, the priming of the immune system, mainly in mosquitoes, is considered and one possible mechanism is presented. Journal Article Microorganisms 12 3 568 MDPI AG 2076-2607 insect vector immunity; Anopheles; Aedes; Culex; blackflies; sandflies; tsetse flies; lice; fleas; Rhodnius; mosquitoes; malaria; sleeping sickness; leishmaniasis; Chagas disease; filariasis; onchocerciasis; arboviruses; eicosanoids; immune priming; phagocytosis; encapsulation; melanisation; antimicrobial peptides; pathogen recognition; signaling pathways 12 3 2024 2024-03-12 10.3390/microorganisms12030568 COLLEGE NANME Science and Engineering - Faculty COLLEGE CODE FGSEN Swansea University External research funder(s) paid the OA fee (includes OA grants disbursed by the Library) The work of P.D. and M.F. was supported by a BBSRC grant: Grant Ref: BB/Y001125/1. Fellowships were provided by University Federal Fluminense (UFF), the Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support in the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). 2024-04-17T14:43:51.7562773 2024-03-22T11:59:31.2629727 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine Norman Ratcliffe 1 Cicero Brasileiro Mello 2 Helena Carla Castro 3 Paul Dyson 0000-0002-0558-2666 4 Marcela Barbosa Figueiredo Santangelo 5 65880__29801__af456473c00246a39270fda50bfc6337.pdf 65880.VOR.pdf 2024-03-22T12:05:50.6545195 Output 916661 application/pdf Version of Record true Copyright: © 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title	Immune Reactions of Vector Insects to Parasites and Pathogens
spellingShingle	Immune Reactions of Vector Insects to Parasites and Pathogens Norman Ratcliffe Paul Dyson Marcela Barbosa Figueiredo Santangelo
title_short	Immune Reactions of Vector Insects to Parasites and Pathogens
title_full	Immune Reactions of Vector Insects to Parasites and Pathogens
title_fullStr	Immune Reactions of Vector Insects to Parasites and Pathogens
title_full_unstemmed	Immune Reactions of Vector Insects to Parasites and Pathogens
title_sort	Immune Reactions of Vector Insects to Parasites and Pathogens
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author_id_fullname_str_mv	aebb70dc95237305e0a8f4bb80b5ef22_*_Norman Ratcliffe 300e3f46b70ae83f563b24f41d00cd17__Paul Dyson b6d8f11df85fce6d8bd702f565908a79_**_Marcela Barbosa Figueiredo Santangelo
author	Norman Ratcliffe Paul Dyson Marcela Barbosa Figueiredo Santangelo
author2	Norman Ratcliffe Cicero Brasileiro Mello Helena Carla Castro Paul Dyson Marcela Barbosa Figueiredo Santangelo
format	Journal article
container_title	Microorganisms
container_volume	12
container_issue	3
container_start_page	568
publishDate	2024
institution	Swansea University
issn	2076-2607
doi_str_mv	10.3390/microorganisms12030568
publisher	MDPI AG
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description	This overview initially describes insect immune reactions and then brings together present knowledge of the interactions of vector insects with their invading parasites and pathogens. It is a way of introducing this Special Issue with subsequent papers presenting the latest details of these interactions in each particular group of vectors. Hopefully, this paper will fill a void in the literature since brief descriptions of vector immunity have now been brought together in one publication and could form a starting point for those interested and new to this important area. Descriptions are given on the immune reactions of mosquitoes, blackflies, sandflies, tsetse flies, lice, fleas and triatomine bugs. Cellular and humoral defences are described separately but emphasis is made on the co-operation of these processes in the completed immune response. The paper also emphasises the need for great care in extracting haemocytes for subsequent study as appreciation of their fragile nature is often overlooked with the non-sterile media, smearing techniques and excessive centrifugation sometimes used. The potential vital role of eicosanoids in the instigation of many of the immune reactions described is also discussed. Finally, the priming of the immune system, mainly in mosquitoes, is considered and one possible mechanism is presented.
published_date	2024-03-12T14:43:48Z
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score	11.03559

Immune Reactions of Vector Insects to Parasites and Pathogens

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