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The behavioural, toxicological, and biochemical effects of caffeine on Lumbriculus variegatus

Grace Labdon, Roisin Kelly-Laubscher, Margaret R. Cunningham, Nia Davies, Sophie Reed Orcid Logo, Aidan Seeley Orcid Logo

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, Start page: 104975

Swansea University Authors: Grace Labdon, Nia Davies, Sophie Reed Orcid Logo, Aidan Seeley Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.etap.2026.104975

Abstract

Lumbriculus variegatus is increasingly used in environmental toxicology and pharmacology, yet the behavioural, toxicological and biochemical effects of caffeine in this species remain poorly defined. Here, we characterised caffeine’s effects on stimulated behaviours, locomotor activity, toxicity, an...

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Published in: Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
ISSN: 1382-6689
Published: Elsevier BV 2026
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa71493
first_indexed 2026-02-25T10:40:48Z
last_indexed 2026-02-25T10:40:48Z
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spelling v2 71493 2026-02-25 The behavioural, toxicological, and biochemical effects of caffeine on Lumbriculus variegatus df4dad0a42cc76587cd174237b2dd690 Grace Labdon Grace Labdon true false 977abe5c673627024e4913d034dcbc95 Nia Davies Nia Davies true false c290e7a868f816083ed0255168bd1917 0000-0001-8099-3847 Sophie Reed Sophie Reed true false c69dba86b3ccf9a140b67b7e97d68bba 0000-0001-7085-4296 Aidan Seeley Aidan Seeley true false 2026-02-25 MEDS Lumbriculus variegatus is increasingly used in environmental toxicology and pharmacology, yet the behavioural, toxicological and biochemical effects of caffeine in this species remain poorly defined. Here, we characterised caffeine’s effects on stimulated behaviours, locomotor activity, toxicity, and energy stores. Exposure to ≥5.0 mM caffeine for 10 minutes or ≥3.0 mM for 24 hours significantly reduced stimulated behaviours, with locomotor activity similarly suppressed at ≥5.0 mM (10 minutes) and ≥1.0 mM (24 hours) (p < .05, n = 8) with impairment persisting 24 hours after exposure to 10 mM (10 minutes) or 3.5 mM (24 hours). A 24-hour LC50 of 4.7 mM (95% CI: 4.60–4.70 mM) was observed, with significant lethality after seven days at 4.5 mM (p < .0001). These findings provide the first characterisation of caffeine’s behavioural and toxicological effects in L. variegatus and contribute to the environmental risk assessment of caffeine contamination in freshwater systems. Journal Article Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 104975 Elsevier BV 1382-6689 24 2 2026 2026-02-24 10.1016/j.etap.2026.104975 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2026.104975 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University Not Required 2026-02-25T11:19:41.2455123 2026-02-25T10:22:52.7304071 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science Grace Labdon 1 Roisin Kelly-Laubscher 2 Margaret R. Cunningham 3 Nia Davies 4 Sophie Reed 0000-0001-8099-3847 5 Aidan Seeley 0000-0001-7085-4296 6
title The behavioural, toxicological, and biochemical effects of caffeine on Lumbriculus variegatus
spellingShingle The behavioural, toxicological, and biochemical effects of caffeine on Lumbriculus variegatus
Grace Labdon
Nia Davies
Sophie Reed
Aidan Seeley
title_short The behavioural, toxicological, and biochemical effects of caffeine on Lumbriculus variegatus
title_full The behavioural, toxicological, and biochemical effects of caffeine on Lumbriculus variegatus
title_fullStr The behavioural, toxicological, and biochemical effects of caffeine on Lumbriculus variegatus
title_full_unstemmed The behavioural, toxicological, and biochemical effects of caffeine on Lumbriculus variegatus
title_sort The behavioural, toxicological, and biochemical effects of caffeine on Lumbriculus variegatus
author_id_str_mv df4dad0a42cc76587cd174237b2dd690
977abe5c673627024e4913d034dcbc95
c290e7a868f816083ed0255168bd1917
c69dba86b3ccf9a140b67b7e97d68bba
author_id_fullname_str_mv df4dad0a42cc76587cd174237b2dd690_***_Grace Labdon
977abe5c673627024e4913d034dcbc95_***_Nia Davies
c290e7a868f816083ed0255168bd1917_***_Sophie Reed
c69dba86b3ccf9a140b67b7e97d68bba_***_Aidan Seeley
author Grace Labdon
Nia Davies
Sophie Reed
Aidan Seeley
author2 Grace Labdon
Roisin Kelly-Laubscher
Margaret R. Cunningham
Nia Davies
Sophie Reed
Aidan Seeley
format Journal article
container_title Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
container_start_page 104975
publishDate 2026
institution Swansea University
issn 1382-6689
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.etap.2026.104975
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science
url https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2026.104975
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description Lumbriculus variegatus is increasingly used in environmental toxicology and pharmacology, yet the behavioural, toxicological and biochemical effects of caffeine in this species remain poorly defined. Here, we characterised caffeine’s effects on stimulated behaviours, locomotor activity, toxicity, and energy stores. Exposure to ≥5.0 mM caffeine for 10 minutes or ≥3.0 mM for 24 hours significantly reduced stimulated behaviours, with locomotor activity similarly suppressed at ≥5.0 mM (10 minutes) and ≥1.0 mM (24 hours) (p < .05, n = 8) with impairment persisting 24 hours after exposure to 10 mM (10 minutes) or 3.5 mM (24 hours). A 24-hour LC50 of 4.7 mM (95% CI: 4.60–4.70 mM) was observed, with significant lethality after seven days at 4.5 mM (p < .0001). These findings provide the first characterisation of caffeine’s behavioural and toxicological effects in L. variegatus and contribute to the environmental risk assessment of caffeine contamination in freshwater systems.
published_date 2026-02-24T11:19:42Z
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